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  1. Plasma - Natural, State, Matter | Britannica

    Nov 22, 2025 · Irrespective of the truth of this, there is little matter in the universe now that does not exist in the plasma state. The observed stars are composed of plasmas, as are interstellar …

  2. Plasma | Physics, State of Matter, & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 22, 2025 · The uniqueness of the plasma state is due to the importance of electric and magnetic forces that act on a plasma in addition to such forces as gravity that affect all forms …

  3. Plasma - Oscillations, Parameters, Interactions | Britannica

    Oct 17, 2025 · This is the great practical goal of plasma physics—to produce nuclear fusion on the Earth. Confinement schemes devised by scientists use magnetic fields or the inertia of an …

  4. Plasma physics - Britannica

    In postwar papers, Bohm laid the foundations of modern plasma theory. Bohm’s lectures at Princeton developed into an influential textbook, Quantum Theory (1951), that contained a …

  5. Plasma - Fusion, Lighting, Astronomy | Britannica

    Nov 22, 2025 · Running an arc between concentric electrodes and injecting gas into such a region causes a hot, high-density plasma mixture called a plasma jet to be ejected. It has many …

  6. Plasma | Definition, Function, & Composition | Britannica

    Dec 8, 2025 · Plasma, the liquid portion of blood, which transports nutrients and wastes and maintains blood pressure and homeostasis.

  7. plasma and plasma physics - Students | Britannica Kids

    Plasma is sometimes called the fourth state of matter because plasmas possess remarkable properties not found in ordinary solids, liquids, and gases. Because the free electrons are …

  8. Magnetic Confinement, Plasma, Fusion - Britannica

    Nov 25, 2025 · Fusion reactor - Magnetic Confinement, Plasma, Fusion: Magnetic confinement of plasmas is the most highly developed approach to controlled fusion. A large part of the …

  9. Blood - Plasma, Components, Functions | Britannica

    Nov 7, 2025 · The major solute of plasma is a heterogeneous group of proteins constituting about 7 percent of the plasma by weight. The principal difference between the plasma and the …

  10. Blood | Definition, Composition, Functions, & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 7, 2025 · Blood is a fluid that transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and carries away carbon dioxide and other waste products. It contains specialized cells that serve particular …