What are the types of frame structures? The two types of framed structures are: 1. Rigid Frame Structure On-site construction takes place for these frames.

The basic components of a building structure are the foundation, floors, walls, beams, columns, roof, stair, etc. These elements serve the purpose of supporting, enclosing and protecting the buildi…

A cantilever beam is a rigid structural element supported at one end and free at the other, as shown in Figure-1. The cantilever beam can be either made of concrete or steel whose one end is cast o…

Procedure for construction of foundation starts with a decision on its depth, width, and marking layout for excavation and centerline of foundation. Foundation is the part of the structure below the plinth level in direct contact of soil ...

The design of reinforced concrete (RC) column is carried out by following certain procedures. However, some specific rules and requirements need to be met. The conditions are commonly related to reinforcement ratio, size of rebars, spacing of steel ...

1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used type of cement, which is suitable for all general concrete construction. It is the most commonly produced and used type of cement around the world, with annual global production of around 3.8 million cubic meters per year.

The use of mat foundation is for columns and walls foundations where the loads from the structure on columns and walls are very high. This is used to prevent differential settlement of individual footings, thus designed as a single mat (or combined footing) of …

1. General Specifications. Hollow and solid concrete blocks shall be sound and free from cracks, broken edges, honeycombing, and other defects that would interfere with the proper placing of block or impair the strength or performance during construction.

Heavy construction equipment are used for various purposes in large projects. Selection of different types of heavy equipment depends on the size of the work and economy of the project. These make construction process easier and faster. …

Read: Unit Weight / Density of Different Construction Materials 2. Imposed Loads or Live Loads (IL or LL) The second vertical load that is considered in design of a structure is imposed loads or live loads. Live loads are either movable or moving loads with out any acceleration or impact. These loads are assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of the building including weights ...