The team tackled this challenge by employing a novel approach involving hydrogen treatment during the fabrication process. This technique, known as passivation, effectively neutralizes the ...

“In order to compensate this recombination loss during the CTM process, we used a organic polymer ink mixed by ethanol, water and Nafion to form the passivation layer,” the scientists said.

The device passivation was achieved through ultra-thin transparent layers that are claimed to be effective in preventing recombination events. “In this process, negative and positive charge ...