An insulator has a band structure in which occupied and empty bands are separated by an energy gap. The existence of an energy gap, however, does not guarantee that a material is a simple insulator.

Mott insulators are a unique class of materials that defy conventional band theories ... Mott transitions. When the band is half-filled and band energy is small, the carriers are localized because of ...

Semiconductor Physics and Flat Band Potential Semiconductors are materials with electrical properties that lie between those of conductors and insulators. In semiconductors, valence electrons occupy ...

In insulators, these permitted energy bands are separated from each other ... in which it could move from atom to atom through the material. This means that all electrons remain in place and ...

Topological insulators (TIs) are among the hottest topics in condensed matter physics today. They’re a bit strange: their surfaces conduct electricity, yet their interiors do not, instead acting as ...

Electric charges on the boundaries of certain insulators are ... carriers in a solid material leads to a band structure that describes the relationship between the energy and momentum of the ...