Important material properties can be explained at the level of quantum physics - for example, whether a material conducts electricity or not. Analysing such quantum states has now revealed that there ...

Semiconductor Physics and Flat Band Potential Semiconductors are materials with electrical properties that lie between those of conductors and insulators. In semiconductors, valence electrons occupy ...

Semiconductors ... band. Insulators have a wide band gap that is difficult for electrons to cross without absorbing a great deal of energy, if they can cross it at all. By contrast, conductors ...