A solar cell is made of two types of semiconductors ... or “hole” is created. The n-type silicon is made by including atoms that have one more electron in their outer level than does silicon, such as ...

P-type semiconductors use dopants that act as electron acceptors. Boron fits into the crystal lattice just like silicon atoms, but since boron has only three electrons to use, a kind of hole is ...

It is possible to generate light in semiconductor materials ... creates a well that spatially traps electrons and holes, allowing them to recombine efficiently, generating light with the ...