The four-layer diode, also known as a Shockley Diode, is a crystal made of alternating layers of N- and P- type semiconductors. By putting in four layers, instead of the three used in transistors ...

Researchers at Harvard University recently observed an antiferromagnetic diode effect in even-layered MnBi 2 Te 4, an ...

The crystal in a crystal radio was a rectifier (most often, these days, a germanium diode, which is, a type of crystal). The crystal in a crystal earpiece is a piezoelectric sound transducer.

Laser diodes are semiconductors that generate light and amplify it using repeated reflection or "optical feedback." Once the ...

Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers or PCSELs are laser diodes that generate laser beams through controlled light wave interaction within a photonic crystal structure. In a recent study, ...