Techniques for Band Gap Engineering vary, including doping, the introduction of impurities into a semiconductor to alter its electrical properties; strain engineering, where stress is applied to ...

Important material properties can be explained at the level of quantum physics - for example, whether a material conducts electricity or not. Analysing such quantum states has now revealed that there ...

Noble gases such as helium and neon are poor conductors of electricity, so we call them electrical insulators ... semiconductors, each with its own distinct band gap, to catch as broad a range ...