The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

X-ray crystallography, like mass spectroscopy and nuclear spectroscopy, is an extremely useful material characterization technique that is unfortunately hard for amateurs to perform. The physical ...

Definition: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is a powerful analytical technique used to characterize the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal. By measuring the angles and intensities of diffracted beams ...

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a non-invasive method for determining that can be used in phase analysis investigations of crystalline materials. Image Credit: AgriTech/Shutterstock.com The essential idea ...

Particle size analysis is crucial to quality control and product development in a number of key industries including aerosols, construction, food and beverage, paint and coatings, and pharmaceuticals.