The process of circuit design can cover systems ranging from national power grids all the way down to the individual transistors within an integrated circuit. For simple circuits the design process ...

Many precision current source designs are available, but simple arithmetic for component values to tailor them for an ...

When I was recently debugging a design, I discovered that a short circuit existed from a ground plane to a power plane. I did not have access to a milliohmmeter or an equivalent tester for locating ...

In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

Making PCBs can be hard. Learn about a free tool that helps hobbyists and beginners create real circuit boards without using ...

Even in today’s digital, IT-intensive radio plant, there is still a need to design and build one-of-a-kind electronic circuits. Simple devices such as digital tone generators and small distribution ...

voltage. Often a passive single-pole RC filter will satisfy design requirements, but this approach typically suffers from several drawbacks including slow response time, noisy results, and having an ...

Lighting a string of LEDs at a constant brightness requires driving it with a regulated current. A boost converter is commonly used to step up the voltage to a level high enough to bias the LEDs on ...

When reaching for a power supply design it’s normal here in 2022 to reach for a switching design. They’re lightweight, very efficient, and often available off-the-shelf at reasonable prices. Their ...