Techniques for Band Gap Engineering vary, including doping, the introduction of impurities into a semiconductor to alter its electrical properties; strain engineering, where stress is applied to ...

On the periodic table, semiconductors (also known as metalloids ... can gain enough energy to jump to the conduction band. The band gap is the energy difference between the highest energy level ...

In semiconductors, valence electrons occupy energy bands, with the valence band (lower energy) and the conduction band (higher energy) separated by an energy gap. Electrons in lower energy levels can ...