In semiconductors, valence electrons occupy energy bands, with the valence band (lower energy) and the conduction band (higher energy) separated by an energy gap. Electrons in lower energy levels can ...

Techniques for Band Gap Engineering vary, including doping, the introduction of impurities into a semiconductor to alter its electrical properties; strain engineering, where stress is applied to ...

On the periodic table, semiconductors (also known as metalloids ... enough energy to jump to the conduction band. The band gap is the energy difference between the highest energy level or ...

Band Gap: The energy difference between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band in a semiconductor, which determines its electrical conductivity and optical properties.