How we learn to predict an outcome isn’t determined by how many times a cue and reward happen together. Instead, how much ...

High school students learn that Pavlov’s dogs were conditioned to associate the sound of a bell with getting food. The association was so strong that the dogs would begin to salivate when they heard ...

As he nears 200 years of age, Jonathan the tortoise has been receiving a great deal of international attention. However, longevity is not the only reason why we should find Jonathan to be of special ...