Results from PID stress tests can be misleading when bifacial PV modules are PID-stressed from just one side using the foil method in IEC TS 62804, according to a new study by Belgian researchers. An ...

The ABCs of PID control. Considerations for interfacing elements in the electrical circuit to accomplish those parts of the PID function for position control. Firmware code implementation.

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

Over three decades ago, real-time software was predominantly written in assembly language or a combination of assembly and the C programming language. Even today, certain digital signal processing ...

Q.Cells is the first photovoltaics company whose solar modules have undergone the fourfold PID test laid out by the well-known TÜV Rheinland testing institute. Our products showed excellent results.