Former EDN analog editor Bill Schweber has published a good article from Tamara Schmitz and Jian Wong about developing Spice macromodels for voltage-feedback op-amps. Part 1 (pdf), and part 2 (pdf).

Spice users can run into two types of problems with op-amp models: They need a model that is unavailable in their Spice library, or their library model may produce inaccurate simulation results for ...

Native SPICE elements that accurately replicate an op amp’s real-world behavior were nonexistent. A transconductance sourcing current from the rails and transitioning to a resistive state as the ...

Modeling the performance of an analog device with SPICE is one of the standard techniques used by circuit designers to perform initial characterization and performance analysis before putting together ...

It’s rare in 2023 for an instrument to be entirely analog, instead it’s more normal for a front-end to feed the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in a microcontroller. Typically the front-end will do ...