While metal oxide-based photoelectrodes are cost-effective, progress in their development has lagged due to the absence of suitable protective layers. The research team has addressed this ...

Atomic layer etching (ALE) is the reverse of atomic layer deposition ... During the surface chemistry using HF and Sn(acac) 2 as the reactants, the HF converts the metal oxide to metal fluoride. The ...

A layer of photoresist, a light-sensitive material ... devices and maintaining the rapid pace of technological progress. CMOS, or Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, is a type of semiconductor ...

When sodium is cut or scratched, its freshly exposed shiny surface rapidly turns dull as a thin layer ... The metal becomes weaker over time, and eventually all of it may become metal oxide.

Aluminium is unusual, because it is a reactive metal that does not react with water. Its surface forms a protective layer of aluminium oxide that keeps water away from the metal below. The ...