As with many inventions, two people had the idea for an integrated circuit at almost the same time. Transistors had become commonplace in everything from radios to phones to computers, and now ...

Texas Instruments and Fairchild semiconductor both announce the integrated circuit in 1959. Ivan Sutherland demonstrates a program called Sketchpad on a TX-2 mainframe at MIT's Lincoln Labs in 1962.

Pedagogically, study of IC consists of three interconnected areas ... Since the first transistor was invented in 1947, the current chip technology has advanced to a point where the largest number of ...