By tracking the fate of individual embryonic stem cells, researchers have found that endoderm cells—early embryonic cells ...

Cells use various signaling molecules to regulate the nervous, immune, and vascular systems. Among these, nitric oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH₃) play important roles, but their chemical instability and ...

Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) is primarily caused by oncogenesis mediated by ultraviolet radiation, and β-human papillomavirus (β-HPV) is believed to be a mere facilitator that is ...

Innovative cell membrane technologies and nanotechnology are transforming drug delivery and diagnostics, leveraging biological and synthetic synergies.