Earlier in this series, we made the case for copper being “the metal that built technology.” Some readers took issue with that statement, noting correctly that meteoric iron and gold were worked long ...

Metal 3D printing has long promised aerospace-grade parts at desktop scale, but titanium has stubbornly resisted that vision. A new approach called cold metal fusion is changing that equation, turning ...

Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, yet products based on pure titanium are uncommon because it's expensive to remove the oxygen from titanium ore. Reducing costs would ...