Understanding chorus waves is vital, as they create fast-moving, highly energetic electrons (known as killer electrons) that ...

NASA detects mysterious 'chirping' signals, or chorus waves, 165,000 km from Earth, revealing surprising energy transfer in ...

"These electron holes associated with chorus waves have been well studied by simulations and have now been observed in situ," write the researchers. As chorus waves represent some of the strongest ...

Because boron has one less electron than is required to form the bonds with the surrounding silicon atoms, an electron vacancy or “hole” is created. The n-type silicon is made by including atoms that ...