In semiconductors, valence electrons occupy energy bands, with the valence band (lower energy ... This width is crucial in understanding the electric field and the behavior of charge carriers at the ...

Prior knowledge needed: Introductory physics including electromagnetics and modern physics and Introductory calculus and ordinary differential equations Understand the energy band structures ...

Extensive Rashba spin-orbit effects are unavoidably proportional to the external electric field. Because of the dual conduction bands, the pair spin-orbit interaction comes from the electric ...