We’re surrounded by electrically powered devices these days. From our lights, to our kettles, and of course our phones! Electricity flows through copper or aluminium wire to power or charge all ...

Once the bottom layer has gained extra electrons, it becomes negatively charged at the junction; at the same time, the top layer has gained a positive charge there. Now the cell is ready for the sun.

Electronic devices use the electrical charge of an electron to encode data ... An anomalous Hall spin current in a ferromagnetic conductor generates a giant spin–orbit torque with unique ...