N-type semiconductors use dopant atoms from ... due to developments like layering different semiconductors, each with its own distinct band gap, to catch as broad a range of the Sun's energy ...

William Shockley improved on this design with his junction transistor, a three-layer sandwich of different types of semiconductor. The diagram illustrates the basic design of an NPN junction ...

But in common parlance, the word “semiconductor” refers to the products made from these materials — that is, computer chips with integrated circuitry. There are many different types of ...

So how is a PCSEL different from other types of semiconductor laser? The answer is that it makes use of a photonic crystal — a semiconductor layer patterned with a custom-designed periodic array ...