Pure silicon is not conductive. However, it can be made conductive by adding other elements to its crystalline structure, which then become known as "n-type" or "p-type" silicon. N-type silicon is ...

so where N-type semiconductors are doped with electron donors, P-type semiconductors use dopants that act as electron acceptors. Boron fits into the crystal lattice just like silicon atoms ...

A semiconductor that uses a silicon or gallium arsenide substrate composed of a single crystal. Its atomic structure is the same throughout the material. Contrast with amorphous semiconductor.

Defect states refer to electronic energy levels that arise from imperfections or irregularities in the crystal structure of materials ... to control the carrier concentration and type (n-type or ...