The human genetic blueprint is deceptively simple. Our genes are tightly wound into 46 X-shaped structures called chromosomes. Crafted by evolution, they carry DNA and replicate when cells divide, ...

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Human biological sex is determined by the sex chromosomes X and Y. In most cases, females possess two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y. However, there is some evidence that the Y ...

How did humans evolve brains capable of complex language, civilization, and more? The answer could lie in exceptional DNA. Scientists at UC San Francisco have found that parts of our chromosomes have ...

Neanderthals, the closest cousins of modern humans, lived in parts of Europe and Asia until their extinction some 30,000 years ago. Genetic studies are revealing ever more about the links between ...

The images above depict artificially-derived neurons grown in petri dishes, with a human neuron shown on the left. Artificially-derived chimpanzee neurons grow only one or two neurites (connecting ...